Cancer immunotherapy is a treatment that uses immune cells and enhances the function of immune cells to eliminate cancer. It can:

• Helps the immune system recognize and attack specific cancer cells

• Enhance immune cells to eliminate cancer

• Providing the body with additional substances to enhance the body's immune response

Tumor immunotherapy can be broadly divided into two categories: non-specific and tumor antigen-specific. Non-specific means include non-specific immune stimulation and immune checkpoint blocking; and tumor antigen-specific methods are mainly a variety of tumor vaccines and adoptive immune cell therapy.

Human immune status is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. The immune system is our body's defense forces, it can eliminate all kinds of harmful substances. Tumor is a common disease in our daily life, and the incidence of tumor is relatively high. At this time, we need to take correct methods to treat and control the disease. What are the methods of tumor immunotherapy?

For tumor immunotherapy, mainly through artificial methods to restore and enhance the immune system, it can inhibit and eliminate tumor growth, for this method is called immunotherapy. The biggest advantage of immunotherapy is that it can target tumor cells. Immunotherapy can restore normal cells. For patients with chemotherapy, the immune system is disordered, and immunization can be used at this time.

The most commonly used method of immunotherapy is immune-enhancing drugs. Patients with advanced tumors will be accompanied by immune dysfunction. After surgery, immune-enhancing drugs can be used, which can improve their own immune function, improve anti-tumor effects, and reduce recurrence. Immune-enhancing drugs can play a role in functional recovery.

Immunotherapy also includes passive immunotherapy, which mainly refers to the infusion of exogenous immune effector substances into the body. These substances can play a role in the treatment of tumors in the body. The second is adoptive immunotherapy, which mainly takes the patient's own immune cells, proliferate in vitro, and then enter them into the patient's body, which can also inhibit the tumor.

I'll talk about immunotherapy here. Tumor is a serious disease, should do a good job of prevention in daily life, the use of scientific methods. Usually take part in physical exercise, supplement the body needs nutrition to pay more attention to drink water. Then it is to eat more grains such as food, promote intestinal peristalsis, promote digestive function.

In 1974, interleukin (IL)-2 was found to play a crucial role in T cell differentiation and growth. Activation of T cells is a key event in antiviral and antitumor adaptive immunity, and it is mainly done through two-signal pathways. The first signal is an antigen-specific signal, involving the specific binding of a T cell surface receptor (TCR) to an antigenic peptide-major histocyte complex (MHC). The second signal is mediated by T cell communication with stimulatory molecules (CMs) on the surface of antigen presenting cells (APCs).

The immune checkpoint is like an "immune brake", which protects normal cells from the "accidental injury" of the immune system under physiological conditions; but on the other hand, the immune checkpoint is also an important mechanism for tumor immune escape, which can be used by tumor cells to escape the "sanction" of the immune system ". The PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is one of the most important immune checkpoints. Tumor cells bind to the PD-1 on the surface of T cells by overexpressing PD-L1 and other molecules, thus inactivating T cells, resulting in T cells unable to find and kill tumor cells. PD-1 monoclonal antibodies specifically bind to the PD-1 on T cells, making the PD-L1 on tumor cells "no way to start", and T cell inhibition is lifted, thus playing a role in tumor killing.

The body's immune system can distinguish between "self" and "non-self", just like the incarnation of justice, protecting the body from the attack of "evil" forces all the time. Evil forces refer to foreign bacteria, viruses and other pathogens, as well as tumor cells with genetic mutations in the body. The struggle between the immune system and the tumor mainly goes through three stages: immune clearance, immune balance and immune escape. In the initial stage of the tumor, the immune system can recognize and remove most of the tumor cells. The tumor cells are not to be outdone. The remaining tumor cells begin to "endure hardships", coexist peacefully with the immune system, and finally realize "transformation", escape the killing of the immune system, and thus grow rapidly and present as clinically diagnosable tumors (immune escape).

In addition to surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and targeted therapy, there is a unique approach to cancer treatment-tumor immunotherapy. Tumor immunotherapy mainly regulates the body's immune system to achieve anti-tumor effects. As early as the 19th century, there were research and treatment attempts on the relationship between immunity and tumor. However, it was not until the past five years that tumor immunotherapy was able to correct its name and actually improve the survival of tumor patients, thus giving it the title of "magic medicine. However, tumor immunotherapy is not a panacea, it is only applicable to some patients, and there will be adverse drug reactions.